Coat-of-arms San Marino
The national coat-of-arms consists of an azure background with three silver towers, windows and walls outlined in black and Guelph-style battlements. The towers are sitting on three green peaks (Cesta, Guaita and Montale); each tower has a silver plume on the summit.
The coat-of-arms is situated on a heart-shaped shield and bordered in gold with a laurel branch on the right and an oak branch on the left. On the bottom the branches are joined by a ribbon with the motto "Libertas".
On April 6, 1862, a deliberation was made to add, on the top of the shield, an eight-pointed crown closed by three semicircles, studded with pearls and connected to a globe with a cross. The crown represented the sovereignty of the Republic which acknowledged no higher authority than itself.
The various Municipalities of the Republic each have their coat-of-arms:
- City of San Marino: few variations have been made to the National coat-of-arms, three gold towers with white plumes at the top; on the bottom a wall with the motto "Libertas"
- Borgo Maggiore: originally Mercatale – the second largest Castel. The coat-of-arms depicts the location of this Municipality at the foot of Mount Titano
- Serravalle: literally the name means "that closes the valley", with reference to its strategic position. The coat-of-arms, depicting a red tower, alludes to its defensive role ("azure background, square red tower adorned with three Ghibelline battlements")
- Domagnano: originally called Montelupo, the coat-of-arms depicts a wolf in the foreground and the ruin of a tower on top of a hill
- Fiorentino: gold with three red roses. The three flowers (fiori) refer to its name
- Acquaviva: the coat-of-arms corresponds to its previous name: Montecerreto. "Azure, with three turkey oak trees with leafy green branches arranged in a triangular form"
- Faetano: the coat-of-arms represents the name of the territory, deriving from "beech", in particular, "a Forest of Beech Trees"; in gold showing an uprooted beech tree
- Montegiardino: the coat-of-arms clearly captures the place/name: "Azure background, with three red roses with green leafy stems, in a fan-shape, on top of a mountain with three gold peaks"
- Chiesanuova: the original name was Pennarossa (red plume) which is depicted on the coat-of-arms: "azure background with a red plume"
