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Popular participation

Direct
democracy

The Republic of San Marino keeps tools of popular participation of rare historical continuity. The Istanza d'Arengo descends from the medieval assembly of family heads, alongside referendum and regular elections at fixed intervals.

Istanze d'Arengo
Every 6 months
Signatures for referendum
60
Types of referendum
3

Source: Declaration of Citizens' Rights · Qualified law on referendum procedures

Citizens gathered in Piazza della Libertà for the Istanza d'Arengo
§ I — The Istanza d'Arengo

Popular petition

The ancient assembly of family heads lives today as the Istanza d'Arengo: on the first Sunday after the oath of the new Captains Regent, every citizen, individually or in groups, submits to the Regency questions of public interest to be brought before Parliament during the mandate. When the Great and General Council accepts a petition, the State Congress is bound to turn it into law.

§ II — Elections

Political and local

Every five years the electorate renews the 60 Councillors of the Great and General Council with a list vote and up to three preferences. Local elections, held every four years, instead designate the members of the Giunte di Castello and the Capitano di Castello of each of the nine administrative districts of the Republic.

§ III — The referendum

Three forms

Types of referendum
Type Object
AbrogativeTotal or partial repeal of an existing rule
PropositiveProposal to introduce a new rule or institution
ConfirmativePopular validation of a law already approved by Parliament

To start the procedure, the promoting committee deposits the question signed by 60 voters. Admissibility is assessed by the Collegio Garante, which checks consistency with the legal order and the absence of matters excluded from referendum.

FAQ · Useful answers

Frequently asked questions

What direct-democracy instruments does the Sammarinese legal order provide?
Istanza d'Arengo, abrogative, propositive and confirmative referendum, political elections every five years and local elections every four years.
What is the Istanza d'Arengo?
The modern form of popular petition. On the first Sunday after the investiture of the new Captains Regent, citizens submit petitions of public interest to the Regency, which forwards them to Parliament.
How many signatures are needed for a referendum?
The promoting committee must submit the question signed by at least 60 voters. Admissibility is judged by the Collegio Garante.
What are the three types of referendum?
Abrogative (to repeal an existing rule), propositive (to introduce a new one) and confirmative (to validate a law already approved).
If the Council accepts a petition, what happens?
The State Congress is bound to translate it into law.